Ethical Issues Walmart Paper

There are several factors that account for the changes in the way business is conducted today. Factors such as increased global competition, economic conditions, technology, electronic commerce, workforce diversity, and ethics have all play a significant role in how business is conducted. How a company conducts itself as a business and a corporate citizen is critical to its success. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world; however they are not exempt to acting ethically. In December 2008, Wal-Mart settled 63 laws suits that spans over several years across 42 states accuses Wal-Mart of cheating workers on pay. The settlement cost Wal-Mart $352 million. Based on comments made by Wal-Mart attorneys and spokespeople, it was clear that the company realized that they acted unethically. This paper will provide a brief overview of the ethical issues violated; outline the impact the issues has had on the parties involved and society as a whole; identify the cause or contributing factors to the issue; and finally propose a plan that outlines revised ethical standards and communication methods to prevent the issues from reoccurring. Overview of Ethical Issue. Wal-Mart as a company acted very unethically in this situation. They hired managers to supervise the other employees and not to take advantage of them. The managers were also the one’s acting irresponsible and unethically. Changing the time cards, making the employees work off the clock, is not something that should be done at all. When the managers altered the time cards, they were thinking about now and not the consequences they were going to have to pay. The managers were only thinking about the now and maybe not what the company wanted them to do but they did a selfish act and it hurt the company. The managers possibly could have done this to get more work out of the employees for less money. The article says the employees were forced to work off the clock this is just not ethical in any sense. Maybe the managers had a quota they had to meet and if they met it they would get a bonus. The company has put so much stress on the managers to do the right thing that now it has become an unethical practice. The theory that comes in to play is the goal based theory the managers and the company were only orried about the outcome. Now the company has to worry about all the people coming together and suing the company for lost wages. The impact that this could have on society is that fact that the company may lose the integrity and trust from the public. The company stock may drop so therefore the people that own stock will lose some money. What has happened in the company not only will affect the employees but will affect the business because when society gets word of the things that we re done, the shopping will stop. Prices might even go up so the consumer will have to purchase less and that will always hurt any business when you stifle how much the customer can buy. The theory that comes to mind would be the goal ethical theory because it seems like the managers or the company was only looking out for the outcomes of the business. This type of concern is so unethical because it affects so many other people. This time the employees were affected and the company acted improperly. Ethical Change, Deficiency, and Conflict. Wal-Mart was accused of forcing some hundreds to thousands of current and former workers to work off the clock and exhibiting poor wage practices which resulted in multiple lawsuits in both the federal and state courts. Wal-Mart was accused numerous and various illegal acts of wage practices. The allegations included forcing employees to work unpaid off the clock, erasing hours from time cards, and preventing workers from taking lunch and other breaks that were promised by the company or guaranteed by state laws (Greenhouse & Rosenbloom, 2008). Wal-Mart leadership definitely dropped the ball when attempting to manage within the wage compliance and standardized state laws. Management had the obligation to maintain compliance with all employment and fairness laws and they failed tremendously. If Wal-Mart’s management had responded to these allegations prior to the lawsuits, they could have definitely saved the company millions and their reputation as cheaters. It was their duty to know how the daily operations of each store were being performed and managed. All companies have defined standard operating procedures and a code of ethics and in these cases it was evident that neither was enforced. Their failure of standardized consistency in policies and procedures and lack of management skills were the two major obstacles that caused the company to be plagued with a bad reputation among employees and the public. Management recognized and accepted the responsibility for their mistakes in judgment, and unethical behavior but, as a result of lawsuits. Lessons learned, not so sure, regardless their unethical acts drew major consequences. With the continued embarrassment over these allegations and lawsuits Wal-Mart made the most ethical decision to settle the claims of proposed allegations. Wal-Mart officials have made continuous statements pleading that these illegal and unethical acts took place many years ago and they have made strong strides in reducing wage violations and following the state wage compliance laws and agree to more future improvements. These improvements include such actions as implementing standard of ensuring an employee takes the designated breaks and programming the cash registers to identify when an employee is off the clock. They are making a conscious effort to clean up the wrongs of the past. However, any way you look at it, they were cheating the employees in order to gain company profits. Lawsuits and illegal allegations continue to be a nuisance for the Wal-Mart Corporation, with pending cases alleging sex harassment and forcing employees to miss meals. Again, these are acts from the past but it still outlines the existence of the major inconsistencies with Wal-Mart’s management and their responsibility and ability to maintain a fair and healthy working environment. Future Resolution Wal-Mart has not completely settled the dispute over employee hours worked without compensation. Wal-Mart has tried to make things right with the workers, as well as trying to clean up its image with the public by setting the 63 lawsuits. It will take more than $352 million dollars to make sure this problem does not resurface (Greenhouse & Rosenbloom, 2008). Another incident such as this one could be detrimental to the very existence of Wal-Mart. One solution to the problem would be to unionize Wal-Mart. There are pros and cons to being unionized. Under the protection of a union, Wal-Mart workers will be protected from unethical practices such as uncompensated working hours, sexual harassment, as well as the right to fair pay. Being part of a union would also mean that workers would have the right to health care. In January of 2006 Wal-Mart reported that their health care only incorporated 43% of their employees (Wake-up Wal-Mart, 2005). Wal-Mart does not want to become unionized because it would make the company slightly inflexible. The company would have to adhere to the rules and regulations of the union. One major problem discovered by other companies that became unionized was that workers were less motivated to work for the company and put forth 100% of their efforts. The treat of being fired also went away because under the union rules, in order to terminate an employee for a decline in performance is now regulated under union contract (Free Republic, 2003). Regardless of Wal-Mart’s opposition to become part of a union or not, the company will have to step up efforts to ensure ethical practices are being followed. A set of consequences should be put into action for those managers who violate and infringe upon those rules. Conclusion It is not clear from the article what policies Wal-Mart had in place at the time of the unethical behavior, however the company claims that â€Å"the allegations are not representative of the company we are today† (Greenhouse-Rosenbloom, 2008). The unethical behavior may have been a factor in the company’s highly regarded financial performance. The accusations and these settled cases will serve as precedence for future cases that involve Human Resource and the use of Corporate Resource issues.

Energy Drinks The Energy Drink - 1548 Words

Monster Energy Drink Over the years, energy drinks have been a phenomenon. Since 1997, when Red Bull became a sensation, the consumption of energy drinks has been at an all-time high. Currently, the energy drinks is a billion dollar market, with the U.S sales of Red Bull and Monster beverages totaling 4.5 billion dollars in 2016 (Statista, 2017). Other energy drinks in the market include Rock Star, Cocaine, Amp, Full Throttle, and Rip It. Generally, Malinauskas, Aeby, Overton, Carpenter-Aeby, and Barber-Heidal (2007) note, â€Å"A number of energy drinks are designed to give the consumer a â€Å"jolt† of energy provided by the combination of stimulants and â€Å"energy boosters†, including caffeine, herbal extracts such as guarana, ginseng, and ginkgo†¦show more content†¦The sugar content in the energy drink is estimated to range between 21g to 34g per 8 oz. Thirdly, there is taurine. Taurine is one of the most common types of amino acids that are found in the body. It is critica l in the process of regulating the level of water and body minerals. Further, it is essential in supporting the proper development of the brains and the enhancement of athletic performance (Meeusen, 2014). The amount of taurine that is often consumed in the energy drinks is higher than those obtained naturally from the normal diet such as seafood, meat, and milk. Other ingredients that are frequently applied in the production of the Monster energy drink include ginseng and vitamins, especially B, and other additives. Target Audience of the Monster Beverage The main target audience of the energy drink is athletes, male teenagers, and younger adults’ belief of enhanced energy levels, and as a result, more companies develop and market the energy drink to this segment. Too, this is noted by Harris and Munsell (2015) who state that energy drinks are targeted to youth between 18 and 34 years. Also, it is noteworthy to state that athletes form a substantial percentage of the consumers of the drink (Vartanian, Schwartz, Brownell, 2007). In marketing to this segment, there is a belief that the contents of the drinks suit the needs and interest of the athletes due to their capacity to boost performance. Even though the marketing is skewedShow MoreRelatedEnergy Drinks1798 Words   |  8 Pagesquickly it could all slip away. His display of more than 200 energy drinks represents the success he s earned in an industry that s more likely to send intrepid entrepreneurs into bankruptcy than into Donald Trump s tax bracket. About 80 percent of these are gone, he says proudly. Most energy drinks fail in six months. Benedict is the founder, owner and CEO of Greensboro-based Source Beverages, a thriving energy drink company with expected revenues of $2 million this year and distributionRead MoreEnergy Drinks2397 Words   |  10 PagesISLS 4301 - Section 5 Energy Drinks Research By: Maram Balubaid, Rahmah Bukhary, Sara Al Akel, Haifa Al Akel and Basma Salah Energy drinks Energy drinks are drinks that don’t contain alcohol, and often lightly carbonated. They are designed to give the drinker a burst of energy by adding of a number of ingredients, most notably caffeine. They are mostly found in grocery stores, corner stores and gas stations, usually displayed beside the soft drinks, juices and sports drinks. The study, publishedRead MoreSports Drinks And Energy Drinks711 Words   |  3 Pagesadvertisement sports drinks and energy drinks claim they can do it all like weight loss, improve endurance, and develop better concentration. The question posed is do either sports drinks or energy drinks really do what they claim to do, and if so which one works best? First off, sports drinks and energy drinks may overlap however, they are not the same thing. Sports drinks such as Gatorade and PowerAde have been popular with athletes for decades. Historically sports drinks were specifically createdRead MoreEnergy Drinks Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pageshave a substantial lack of energy. Usually people who do not take care of themselves tend to eventually get more tired by mid-day and as their day goes on. A simple solution would be to go to bed earlier and eat better foods. However, our society has become very lazy, obese, and have started to take the easy way out over the years. Instead of eating better and trying to get more sleep, people drink energy drinks as an easy and fast way to get a boost of energy. Energy drinks have been around since theRead MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesawake. 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Energy drinks are beverages whose producers advertise thatRead MoreThe Consumption Of Energy Drinks1538 Words   |  7 PagesReality is most Americans have consumed an energy drink or at least know what energy drinks are. Their popularity on the rise energy drinks such as Red Bull and Monster are the hottest-selling component of the beverage industry, but experts in the medical field are warning the population about the possible health hazards they pose and demanding for better regulation. The highest consumers of energy drinks are adolescents and they are mostly likely to abuse the consumption of the beverage. With theRead MoreEnergy Drinks Market1705 Words   |  7 Pageshow the Energy Drink market is segmented according to demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral variables. The Energy Drink industry which is dominated by Red Bull and V energy drinks is worth 151 million dollars and is growing by 47% per year. Energy drinks is the fastest growing category in the sof t drink market. I have chosen three different companies in this report to analysis which segments they target, Powerade, Red Bull and Coca Cola. Red Bull is the market leader in energy drinksRead MoreThe Market For Energy Drink950 Words   |  4 Pagesfor energy drink has continually been questioned about it health concern. A company can benefit by introducing a healthier option to get energy and have a more active day. When energy drinks first came on the scene they exploded like a new phenomenon, which made consumer feel like new-elevated being. Companies like red bull and rock star brought slogan that increased the energy drinks popularity and made it into a billion dollar industry. With all the scrutiny that has been attacking energy drinksRead MoreEnergy Drinks Market1259 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy Drinks - Red Bull What are energy drinks? Cola and coffee drinks have long been promoted and known as energy drinks - meant to give you a little pick me up, mostly in the form of caffeine and sugar. Jolt Cola in the 80s was one of the early entries in the energy drink market, with double the caffeine of normal colas, it was marketed towards teens and college students as a way to get an energy edge and keep you awake and energized. Their slogan, in fact, was twice the caffeine. Jolt

A Dynamic Structural Design For Web Application - 1641 Words

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PHP is a server-side scripting language employed for web development but also considered as a general-purpose programming language. But in the recent times, young keen people have begun to design Web pages with the help of scripting languages without even possessing the knowledge of even the simplest principles of software design. Several authors have introduced different techniques for minimizing the complexity. One of the important methods is the introduction of the design patterns in the PHP and the creation of a new design depending on theShow MoreRelatedNtp Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract— A REST API is an application program interface that uses HTTP protocol for making requests to a web server, using GET, PUT, POST and DELETE methods on the data. A RESTful API, also referred to as a RESTful web service is based on representational state transfer (REST) technology, an architectural style and approach to communications often used in web services development. 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Essay on The Downfall of Macbeth - 1474 Words

The Downfall of Macbeth Macbeth is victorious; he has just returned from the battle ground as a brutal warrior; courageous, but what is more, heroic. At this point in the play, Macbeths reputation is rapidly growing with the rampant spread of the word of his good deeds at war. This climaxes when his actions are acknowledged and rewarded by the title given to him by King Duncan, No more that thane of Cawdor doth deceive our bosom interest. - Go, pronounce his present death, and with his former title greet Macbeth. At this time, Macbeth is entirely content with his position and his circumstances. He has not stopped to contemplate how much he can achieve and explore his limitations. Instead he†¦show more content†¦For his question suggests that the greeting is not that far from the truth, and not at all as outrageous as it first appears. In saying this, it may have prompted Macbeths sudden urge for what he does not have and sparked his friends ambition and imagination. In a soliloquy in scene three of act one, just after Banquo his expressed his thoughts on the prophecy, Macbeth toys with his own ideas, trying to draw conclusions as to what he believes. This supernatural soliciting cannot be ill; cannot be good:-if ill, Why hath it given me earnest success commencing in the truth? As the audience is permitted insight into Macbeths inner thoughts, we learn of his uncertainty and his fear. But why the fear? Is it due to the prophecy itself? It seems not to be the foretelling of events which he fears, but his own reaction. Indeed he begins to wonder at the prospect of murder without being persuaded by another. The idea; at this point only a fantasy, has stemmed from his own courage and imaginings. My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man, that function is smothered in surmise, and nothing is, but what is not. 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Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeth Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Downfall of Macbeth All through the play Macbeth strives for power. This motivation affects every aspect of his life and eventually leads to his demise. Many different factors come together in deciding his ill-fated future. With his wifes cajoling and the three witches foretelling of his future, Macbeth, will stop at nothing to gain the position as King of Scotland. The witches and their prophecies are the first major influence which trigger MacbethsRead MoreMacbeth and His Downfall1613 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth, there are two factors that contributed to Macbeths ruin. 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Some of the influences on Macbeth include the witches and the apparitions, Lady Macbeth, and lastly Macbeths own insecurities and misguided attempts to control his future. The witches and their prophecies are the first major influence on Macbeths actions. Macbeth seems happy and content with

Contemporary Decision Making Housing Problem in Namibia

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Decision Making for Housing Problem in Namibia. Answer: Introduction The report discusses about the problems that arises in the housing policies and mapping them with the economic, environmental, health and social problems. A wide range of policy of housing and stakeholders analysis is done to find the problems and learn about them. There are many complexities associated with the housing, the house have a great deal of importance to the peoples life (Mulliner, Smallbone and Maliene 2013). There are many policies developed for housing and a wide range of agents can affect the changes of house and the policy might fail sometimes because there are limitation in understanding the policies and implementation in the right field. These incorporate the less income of the country and distribution of the income in the country is skewed and thus it results in a larger part of the population living in poverty. The people needs to enhance housing moderateness; utilizing housing development and the real estate business sector to animate financial development; and diminishing wellbeing disparities through housing mediations (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). Thus the new contemporary decision making approach is applied on the housing and research is done on the policies of equity, health and sustainability to integrate the quantitative and qualitative knowledge. The report discusses about understanding the complex system that links the housing, health and energy altogether and identifying their impact. Background There is a huge rise in price of the raw materials required for building the house and thus the overall cost of housing also increases. The increase in the price is analyzed using a system dynamic approach and is used in the multiple levels of pricing policy of housing. The market of real estate is much complex compared to any other market and the proper analysis is done on the supply of money, price of the construction material, liquidity, etc. The houses are a major source of emission of CFC gas and effective policies can be applied for the reduction of this emission. Policies can also be applied for finding alternative sources of energy and efficiently manage the GHG emission (Sidle et al. 2013). There are many complexities in the life of the people and there are agents who are responsible for the changing the house and making it an important area for the resistance of policy (Humphrey 2014). There are many other problems related to housing such as the rise in cost of the lands, l abor and specializations. The applied policy can be may have limitation to reach the objective or fail to obtain desired outcome because there are complex system of implementation. Cost is also an important factor for the designing the housing and maintaining the complex relationship with the public health issues. There are separate agenda of de-carbonization and different sector of the government are working to achieve the goal for housing (Jacobs and Manzi 2013). It includes the cost of the land and the demand of the raw materials is also increasing and the suppliers face a lot of problem in managing the system. New technique can be applied for decision making in housing. Research has been done or the creation and application of different policies for health, sustainability and equity and integrate them with the collaborative process of learning. Alternative policies can be designed and the system is described and converted to different levels. The system dynamic model has tools that can be used to study the complex factor in the system and helps in the dynamic modeling of the system. Principal Findings The housing prices are affected by two different factors and they are divided in two categories such as macro and micro. The macro factor affects the monetary policy and their roles in the housing policy. To find the inflation of the housing market the rates of the market are analyzed and the shares of the factors affecting the housing inflation are calculated. Utilizing participatory framework dynamic modeling a wide scope of industry, strategy, group and scholastic partners in the region of Namibia housing can be combined together. Setting up a prosperity structure for bearing in mind the strategies about housing that joins social, mental, natural, physical and monetary prosperity; cooperatively built up an underlying complex subjective framework elements model made up of seven segments (Kahrik, Leetmaa and Tammaru 2012). It is recognized as a common arrangement of principles in contradiction of which it can be quantified and looked at the future proposed architecture of the housin g proposal, paying little respect to the essential goal of those strategies (Bernroider and Schmollerl 2013). Past studies on the utilized framework flow demonstrating to comprehend particular parts of the housing framework, especially markets, development and moderateness. Likewise, there have been different studies which have surveyed a portion of the healthy outcomes of strategies to diminish the green house gas discharge from the house. The knowledge that is collaborative enabled the Namibian housing policy stakeholders and the architects associated with the plan to move further than the decision making focuses on the objective policy singly e.g: reduction of the carbon footprint and addressing the poverty in fuel (Cornforth and Brown 2013). The CLD or the casual loop diagram is applied for the demonstration of the utility of the contemporary decision making and also revealing the result of its participation. The housing provision, wellbeing and energy is understood as a complex system and it is the first step to identify the effective policy and information is collected according to the support the policy option that needs to be applied (Verschuere and De Corte 2014). Limitations The casual loop diagrams are valid for a limited period of time and they reflect the stakeholders knowledge combining it with some literature review. The CLD are designed to demonstrate the current process and the improvements that can be applied for the current practice for decision making of the Namibian housing (Sharma, Mithas and Kankanhalli 2014). Further research work is expected to examine the questioned and concurred connections uniting the finest accessible information and examination, going for a framework that backings replication and investigation choices instead of pointing the expectation. Implementation of the Research and Policy The application of CLD is discussed and the proposal of the stakeholders in the policy is impended and recommended. The successful de-carbonization of the Namibian housing stocks requires an establishment of the cross government group rapidly such that a meaningful system is developed that have thinking capability (Gauja 2015). The group is suggested to be supported with a committee that advises about the improvement of the policy. The community standards can be strengthened connecting it socially with the stakeholders. A major part of the map gives suggestion for the improvement of the tenure in the rental sector to strengthen the beneficial loop for de-carbonization and wellbeing (Hollihan and Baaske 2015). However there is a possibility that the mixed tenure would lead to an increase in the number of community connection. Problem Statement The housing prices are rapidly increasing in Namibia and if it is not controlled it would keep on increasing exponentially. Thus there is a need for future exploration regarding the factors affecting the rise in price of housing. The present strength of the housing strategy is utilized for connecting hypothetically the recognized activity in the causal loop diagram. The absence of loop acts as a feedback between the entities that distinguishing the range of energy efficiency in housing (MacDonald and Panayotakis 2016). It was proposed that it requires further examination. The average index of the materials required for construction are required to be calculated and the change in the requirement of the housing policy changes the connection of the feedback loops and permits the strategy designers to monitor the importance of the loops in this casual loop diagram. The casual loop diagram is used to exhibit the energy, land costing and the savings that can be made in the energy to increa se the efficiency of the housing (Wilkinson and Langston 2014). The conditions responsible for inflation like the rise in fuel price demand for the increase in the wage of the labor, are also a factor that accounts for the actual inflation. Improvement of generally concurred measurements to depict "quality" as it identifies with both houses and neighborhoods is likewise required. The main work in the project is to build a qualitative model for the housing and the evaluation of the participation of SDM and keeping the current model. A combined process is used for the evaluation that has a reflective view of the stakeholders associated with the project (Mesly and Bouchard 2016). The usefulness of house is evaluated assessing the changes in the work policy and considering the changes that takes place in project. The consciousness of the stakeholders and the priorities of the policy of the government is also evaluated in different interval of time. Small pieces of simulation model are used for the disputed relationship that is tested in a earning environment (Sharifi and Murayama 2013). The simulation model is an effective model for understanding the comparative strength of the feedback loops used in the design and analyzes the behavior to improve the decision making system (Kabir, Sadiq and Tesfamariam 2014). It is an iterative approach of simulation and further refinement is required for the replication of the representative policy that assess the dynamic effect on the policy criteria in future that is shared. The consequences of the dynamic modeling are brought together and the multi criteria decision making allows the stakeholders to outcome the values more explicitly and weighing the options for policy. Selection of the Methodology The system dynamic model is used for the selection of the methodology and involves it in the industry, academic, community and stakeholder policy that can explore the effects dynamically on the policy realistically in Namibia (Chaskin, Khare and Joseph 2012). The following characteristics should be consisted to SDM of the complex system. Inclusion of the interacting variables that can change according to time. The key driver of the behavior of the system and the pattern of interaction according to time. The interaction of the different variables is differentiated by strengthening loops that amplifies the system patterns dynamically consisting of balancing and behavior feedback loops (Hill 2016). Gathering of the stock that includes the information of the people, and the material resources and characterize the complexity of the system. The most important component is the time of a complex system and it causes an impact on the change in the variables at different rates and affects the relationship creating long and short term effect on the policy (Kolaja 2015). A general heuristic for the SDM approach uses the iteration that moves the desired outcomes for understanding the problems relating to the outcomes, development of the dynamic model of simulation, qualitative representation of the structure of the system, policy design and experimentation of the scenario (Standing 2014). Application of the Methodology We drew closer a sum of 52 associations and offices. More than 50 partners were enlisted, speaking to 37 associations. These contains 6 national government offices; 5 delegates as of neighborhood government; a gathering of 6 minority background of housing pioneers (group of back ground team); 14 non-government associations, 5 industry associations; and 8 scholarly organizations. A few stakeholders consist of more than one segment. Distinctive individuals from the partner gathering were spoken to amid the meeting stage and at the workshops (Ahmed 2015). The associations taking an interest at every stages have been recorded to exhibit the cooperation level and changing the members after a time interval. To identify and enroll the minority background housing activists there was a need of sustained effort for a greater amount of time. The gathering of 6 members met up taking after the principal workshop. We met 33 members crosswise over nationwide and nearby administration, construction, non-governmental associations, housing ventures and scholastic exploration. Among them 26 of the stakeholders worked in the primary workshop and a covering group of 26 who took an interest in the second workshop. In the middle of the two littler gatherings were met to pick up the particular contribution of the group roots bunch, which was gone to by six and five individuals, separately. Analysis and Results Ten principle topics were recognized as an aftereffect of the topical examination. These are portrayed, alongside their sub-subjects, in Table 1, which additionally depicts how frequently these topics were distinguished over every one of the meetings ("commonness") (Stewart 2015). The subjects secured parts of the physical way of houses; and describes the activities of the house that are assembled to create groups and with regards to other area utilizes; the connections amongst housing and more extensive frameworks, for example, demographics, property, urban arranging and work markets; and the impact of these on the members developments of prosperity as a thought (Duke and Thom 2014). The most normally and profoundly talked about topic identified with impacts on the vitality proficiency of houses. The strength of this topic mirrors the present Namibian arrangement that concentrates on housing, and maybe obvious given the members' learning about the provenance of the examination (Kabi r, Sadiq and Tesfamariam 2014). More astounding is the significance of the members set on neighborhoods and social prosperity, which is the second most usually examined topic from the meetings. Figure 1: Summary of model development process (Source: Created by author) Figure 2: Overview of the themes used in organizing the house, energy and wellbeing (Source: Created by author) Figure 3: Community connection and the physical quality of neighborhoods (Source: Created by author) The above casual loop diagrams represents the interaction between the variables that shows the analyses trend in the housing systems. The variables acts as a level for the measurement in respect to time while some of them also act as rates that affect the system. The connection between the variables are done using arrow or causal link and they combine to form a feedback loop. The feedback loops can be clockwise or anticlockwise, the clock wise loops are used to represent the effect on the system and how it would respond according to the time. The clock wise loop can reinforce the system and are named R and the anti-clock wise loops are used to balance the system and reduce the effect in respect to time and they are named B. R1: It is the physical quality that makes the peoples staying in the house R2: Actions and connections R3: Empowerment of the community R4: Improvement of the housing and helping the people to stay B1: Bonding unhelpful B2: Prejudice on undermine community organization Conclusion We have built up a far reaching framework model connecting housing, strength and poverty of the Namibian people to afford the housing. The system dynamic model is used to analyze the housing market in Namibia. Gathering different data of the Namibian market it can be concluded that high subsidies of the government are resulting in the increase in the price of the houses. But it does not effect on the increase in the nominal wage of the local workers and that leads to the decrease in the real wage. Thus it is recommended that the subsidies provided to the real estate developers should be decreased in the upcoming years to keep down the inflation and decrease the pricing of the house such that the people can afford it. Besides, the convenience of participatory SDM is discussed in the report and a communitarian learning procedure to encourage enhanced policymaking for housing. It can also coordinate a wide scope of results crosswise over prosperity, social and wellbeing value, and ecolo gical manageability. Further work is expected to accept the model, incorporate renovations to investigate future strategy alternatives and join SDM with other arrangement evaluation instruments, and additionally techniques to encourage shifts in the applied systems supporting approach, that would be essential for more beneficial more economical housing. References Ahmed, K.G., 2015. Investigating Relevancyof the Traditional Principle of the Right of Appropriation of Open Space and Finain Contemporary Urban Poor Communities in Cairo, Egypt.Journal of Architecture and Urbanism,39(4), pp.260-272. Bernroider, E.W. and Schmllerl, P., 2013. A technological, organisational, and environmental analysis of decision making methodologies and satisfaction in the context of IT induced business transformations.European Journal of Operational Research,224(1), pp.141-153. Chaskin, R., Khare, A. and Joseph, M., 2012. Participation, Deliberation, and Decision Making The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Mixed-Income Developments.Urban Affairs Review,48(6), pp.863-906. Cornforth, C. and Brown, W.A., 2013.Nonprofit governance: Innovative perspectives and approaches. Routledge. Duke, K. and Thom, B., 2014. The role of evidence and the expert in contemporary processes of governance: The case of opioid substitution treatment policy in England.International Journal of Drug Policy,25(5), pp.964-971. Gauja, A., 2015. The individualisation of party politics: The impact of changing internal decision-making processes on policy development and citizen engagement.The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,17(1), pp.89-105. Hill, R.L., 2016. Factors Affecting College Choice and Transfer: A Study of the Decision-Making Process of Student Veterans. Hollihan, T.A. and Baaske, K.T., 2015.Arguments and arguing: The products and process of human decision making. Waveland Press. Humphrey, S., 2014. In the Crosshairs: The Role of the Local State in a Contemporary Process of Neighborhood Redevelopment in Central Illinois.Critical Planning,21(1). Jacobs, K. and Manzi, T., 2013. New localism, old retrenchment: The Big Society, housing policy and the politics of welfare reform.Housing, Theory and Society,30(1), pp.29-45. Kabir, G., Sadiq, R. and Tesfamariam, S., 2014. A review of multi-criteria decision-making methods for infrastructure management.Structure and Infrastructure Engineering,10(9), pp.1176-1210. Khrik, A., Leetmaa, K. and Tammaru, T., 2012. Residential decision-making and satisfaction among new suburbanites in the Tallinn urban region, Estonia.Cities,29(1), pp.49-58. Kolaja, J., 2015.A Polish factory: a case study of workers' participation in decision making. University Press of Kentucky. MacDonald, S.P. and Panayotakis, C., 2016. Insatiability and Crisis: Using Interdisciplinarity to Understand (And Denaturalize) Contemporary Humans. InInterdisciplinary Pedagogy for STEM(pp. 37-55). Palgrave Macmillan US. Mesly, O. and Bouchard, S., 2016. Predatory-Prey Decision Making During Market BubblesPreliminary Evidence from a Neurobiological Study.Journal of Behavioral Finance,17(3), pp.293-308. Mulliner, E., Smallbone, K. and Maliene, V., 2013. An assessment of sustainable housing affordability using a multiple criteria decision making method.Omega,41(2), pp.270-279. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Sharifi, A. and Murayama, A., 2013. Changes in the traditional urban form and the social sustainability of contemporary cities: A case study of Iranian cities.Habitat International,38, pp.126-134. Sharma, R., Mithas, S. and Kankanhalli, A., 2014. Transforming decision-making processes: a research agenda for understanding the impact of business analytics on organisations.European Journal of Information Systems,23(4), pp.433-441. Sidle, R.C., Benson, W.H., Carriger, J.F. and Kamai, T., 2013. Broader perspective on ecosystem sustainability: Consequences for decision making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(23), pp.9201-9208. Standing, M., 2014.Clinical Judgement and Decision Making for Nursing Students. Learning Matters. Stewart, M.G., 2015. Risk and economic viability of housing climate adaptation strategies for wind hazards in southeast Australia.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,20(4), pp.601-622. Verschuere, B. and De Corte, J., 2014. The impact of public resource dependence on the autonomy of NPOs in their strategic decision making.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,43(2), pp.293-313. Wilkinson, S.J. and Langston, C., 2014.Sustainable building adaptation: innovations in decision-making. John Wiley Sons.

Old West By Larry McMurtry Essays - Lonesome Dove Series

Old West By Larry McMurtry "Old West" LONESOME DOVE While Larry McMurtry honors certain mythical features of the "Old West," his epic, Lonesome Dove, is the quintessential representation of the realism of the "Old West." By contrast, mythic representations of the "Old West" tend to look absurd and silly. Stories such as the one portrayed in the film "True Grit" appear to be ridiculous because of their one-dimensional presentation of characters, including women; their passive, utopian environments; and their conveniently distinct depiction of good and evil. Larry McMurtry's Lonesome Dove presents characters not larger than life but complex, women who are not frightened and dependent, but self-sufficient and wise. "McMurtry is unfailing acute on the life of women in this man's world" (Clemons, Contemporary Literary Criticism 254). In mythic representations such as "True Grit" villains are not people with complicated backgrounds which cause their poor behavior. Nor are there Indians or black people in "True Grit" although the "Old West" was populated by them. "All of Mr. McMurtry's anti-mythic groundwork-his refusal to glorify the West-works to reinforce the strength of the traditionally mythic parts of Lonesome Dove by making it far more credible than the old familiar horse operas" (Lemann, Literary Criticism 257) such as "True Grit." In the film "True Grit" Rooster Cogburn typifies the preposterous qualities of a mythical United States Marshall. He acts alone in hunting down serious killers, but this is no problem because Rooster, even though a drunk, earlier has brought to justice a wagon-load of wrongdoers. Later, with the reins of his horse in his teeth, Rooster shoots all of his antagonists except for his arch enemy who shoots Rooster's horse out from under him. Just as the arch enemy, Robert Duvall, is about to shoot Rooster, from far away someone conveniently kills Duvall. Rooster is a man whose weaknesses never pull him down, because he is "larger than life" (Hirsch, E! Online 2). Rooster Cogburn is a character of mythical stature whose defects never prevent him from accomplishing his heroic deeds. Larry McMurtry's characters in his novel, Lonesome Dove, demonstrate actual "grit." While Augustus (Gus) McCrae is an indolent man, unlike Rooster Cogburn, Gus is not ashamed of his laziness. "It's a good thing that I ain't scairt' to be lazy" (McMurtry 9). Gus would rather have a whisky bottle in his hand than a shovel (Horn, Literary Criticism 255), but his crew forgives his weaknesses because they respect his heroic capabilities as an authentic, fierce fighter and loyal friend. Gus McCrae's former Texas Ranger partner , Captain Woodrow C. Call, proves himself a terrific leader and an excellent cowboy who at the same time lacks typical cowboy sociability. "He heads for the river because he is tired of hearing us yap, he ain't a sociable man and never was" (McMurtry 26). Unlike Rooster Cogburn, who always acts flamboyantly, Woodrow Call's personality changes dramatically because he is genuinely influenced by his circumstances. He is always the first to react to danger including anticipating poisonous snakes while on the trail, and occasionally saving his crew from harm. Call acts the part when needed. The "portrayal of McCrae and Call,...as both heroic and endearingly human,...particularly delighted critics" (Literary Criticism 253). The foolish humor in "True Grit" attempts to create the belief that a one-eyed, alcoholic man who falls off his horse can individually solve problems because he has "true grit." The gritty Rooster Cogburn lives with a little Chinese man and a cat which seems silly in the way it provides humorous relief. This is a common gimmick that film makers use who represent the "Old West" in a mythic way. Rooster's eating habits also characterize him comically. He often puts rock hard bacon bits into his mouth, even offering them to dainty women like Kim Darby who is shocked by the offer. Other aspects of humor arise when at the film's conclusion. Rooster rides away while improbably jumping over a fence in a manner of an agile young cowboy. In fact, Rooster is a cowboy cut-up whose drinking habits lead to...laughable incidents" throughout the film (Hirsch, E! 2). In contrast, reviewers praised Larry McMurtry's chronicle of cowboy life in the nineteenth century "as a humorous yet sincere tribute to the American West" (Literary Criticism 253). McMurtry provides his characters with realistic humor as when Woodrow reflects on his partnership with Gus: It's odd I partnered with a man like you, Call, Augustus said. If we was to meet now instead of when we did, I doubt we'd have two words to say to one another. Woodrow Call responded, I

Bellevue Mine Explosion, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, December 9, 1910

Considering the contemporary situation in the coal mining industry, it is possible to state that not all processes are safe and not all mines are rescue for employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bellevue Mine Explosion, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, December 9, 1910 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even the existence of the innovative technologies and gas detection techniques sill leave the chances for explosions and other incidents. What can be said about the beginning of the 20th century? Bellevue mine explosion took place in Crowsnest Pass, Alberta on December 9, 1910. This disaster carried away 31 lives, but the tragedy could influence more people as the normal worker compliment in the mine was 200 individuals. Having considered the situation in the mine and the conditions people worked at, it is possible to conclude that the disaster was manmade as no natural phenomena influenced the situation. The main idea of this paper is to consider the details of the explosion, check the main causes and influential factors and conclude whether it was possible to prevent the disaster and by means of which steps it could have been made. There have been a lot of different factors which pointed to the possibility of the event. Some of those were rather obvious, but no one paid attention to them. Workers and UMWA representatives pointed to the violation of the mine ventilation techniques many times. According to the norm, the main fan was aimed at producing 100,000 cubic feet of fresh air per minute while in reality it produced about 65,000 cubic feet of fresh air per minute. Inappropriate functioning of the fan resulted in its break in October 1910 for two hours, but the workers had to stay at their workplaces and continue working. The violation of the workers’ rights was one of the main signs that the mine owners did not care about the destiny of their employees, the increase in the production of coal was their main goal. The complaints of the union and demands to repair the ventilation were in vain. During the Thanksgiving Day the explosion occurred in the mine due to the impropriate ventilation and the inability of the gas flow out the mine.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After cleaning the mass, the mine continued working without any changes in the ventilation system (Price, 2007). An impropriate air supply and the absence of the desire from the mine owners to repair it are considered to be the reasons for the explosion in the mine. Careless attitude to the working people and to the simplest safety regulations also added to the problem. There was one more cause which may be related to the reasons for the explosion. According to the testimonies of John Oliphant, a former fireboss in the mine who resigned on 15th of September 1910, the mine plans did not correspon ded to the real situation. Thus, â€Å"the company’s mine plans were incorrectly drawn because at the place of large part of the coal seam had not been extracted, even though the plan showed that it had† (Bercuson, 1978, p. 223). The coal mine managers did not keep any statistics which could show how much coal was taken from the area. As a result, much amount of gas escaped from the taken coal. Thus, it was impossible to dwell upon safety at the workplace. Being the second reason for the explosion, this fact remained the central for the investigation of the case. The presence of the gas in the mine was refused by firebosses Powell and Anderson who testified two days before about the gas free mine condition (Bercuson, 1978). Considering the events which took place on the 10th of December 1910 and several days before, it may be concluded that no emergency planning had been in place before the disaster. But, isn’t it the main reasons for the occurrence of the disas ter? Many factors pointed to the existence of the problem, but the mine owners did not want to do anything. If some specific actions in the relation to the ventilation and the reduction of the gas had been provided, the explosion could have been avoided. Looking at the situation from different angles and considering the testimonies of different people, it is possible to conclude that the disaster could have been prevented. First of all, the reasons of the disaster point to negligent attitude to work and human life as whole. The mine owners have been told for many times about the problems which existed. Simple rules of safety at the workplace were violated. The repair of the ventilation, the perfect documentation and the appropriate reaction to the information about the smell of gas declared by some workers could eliminate the reasons for the disaster and prevent it. Furthermore, no one investigated the case of the explosion in October carefully. The absence of the victims influenced this as well.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bellevue Mine Explosion, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, December 9, 1910 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern technologies help determine the level of gas in the mine and provide other supportive techniques for preventing explosions and detecting gas, but the cases are still numerous. Considering the even in 1910, there were no innovative techniques and other issues, but, still the catastrophe could have been prevented. If the mine owners had managed to plan and carefully regulate the mining process, repair the ventilation and refer to the miners’ claims about the smell of gas, it could have prevented the disaster, as neither natural catastrophe nor human error had occurred. Safe working conditions could also contribute to the elimination of the causes of the event (Penuel, Statler, Golson, 2011, p. 421). There were many different risks both to the people and t he emergency personnel during and after the crisis. According to the information about the disaster, at about 8:00 a great explosion took place and â€Å"the blast forced the air out of the tunnels and it was replaced by the often fatal ‘after damp’† (Bellevue Explosion, n.d.). In other words, those who managed to be far from the centre of the explosion were not influenced by it, but, they appeared in the trap, when no fresh air could reach them (Laxton, 1846, p. 243). No one who was in the mine and tunnels had an opportunity to release from alive. The emergency personnel also run risks to die as there was no specific equipment which could help miners who still were alive. It should also be mentioned that the mine did not have mine rescue teams as well. A researcher in the coal-mining industry Fred Alderson died during the rescue operations when gave his breathing apparatus to a man who managed to climbed to the surface (Bellevue Explosion, n.d.). Thus, other rel ief crews were in danger when they worked on the mine trying to safe as many people from the trap as possible. This tragedy could not remain without attention. It influenced not only the Bellevue mine, but all the mines in Alberta region. The Bellevue mine remained closed for a year after the explosion. The ventilation was repaired along with the creation of the specific technique which allowed methane to leak to the surface via the drilled rock tunnels in the places of its accumulation.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the rescue stations appeared in the whole district that pointed to the fact that mine owners realised the necessity of creating safe working conditions and the emergency help in incidents. Crowsnest Pass Rescue Station #1 operated in the district. Being located in Blairmore, it could reach any region in the Pass. The government paid attention to the mining problems and created the mine rescue programs along with the mining companies (Bellevue Explosion, n.d.). Thus, it may be concluded that the tragedy which carried away the lives of 31 people made people improve the working conditions, pay more attention to the security, planning and control. These benefits are not the only which occurred in the mining industry. The tragedy showed that mining is one of the most dangerous professions. The experience gained while this event was used for the identification of the hazards in the industry and creating the possibilities improving the working conditions. Being a public safety co mmunications officer (911 operator), my role would be important. After receiving a call from the place of the disaster, I had to inform the rescue crew about it and direct those to the place of emergency. Then, I would consider the scope of work and analyse whether the send team was able to cope with the problem, I would send supportive teams, if necessary. The direction of the emergency, police and other departments responsible for the work with such disasters to the place would also be my responsibility. A public safety communications officer could do nothing specific to minimize the situation as there were nether appropriate conditions for rescue work, nor the necessary equipment. One of his/her duties could be the structuring of the work and trying to make the process as safe as possible. Thus, it may be concluded that there were many factors which provoked the occurrence of the disaster. At the same time, the communication systems could improve the reaction to the incident and direct the rescue crews. The existence of the rescue stations in the region could make the process of miners rescue faster and more efficient as the presence of the stations could mean the existence of the necessary equipment. The Bellevue mine explosion in 1910 showed the region that it was impossible to violate the safety on the mine without specific consequences. Moreover, the plans of the works and the control over the working process improved. At the same time, the court procedure which took place after the event showed that the government was not ready to control the mining industry and reduce the danger. The court decision stated that the mine owners were responsible for the case butt the government did nothing to punish them and the mine was opened in a year. However, the lessons learned by mans of the disaster made the authorities to think about human security and safety while working process. Reference List Bellevue Explosion—December 9, 1910. (n.d.) When Coal Was K ing. Web. Bercuson, D. (1978). Tragedy at Bellevue: anatomy of a mine disaster. Labour (Committee on Canadian Labour History), 221-231. Laxton, W. (1846). The Civil engineer and architect’s journal. New York: Fine arts library. Penuel, K. B., Statler, M., Golson, J. G. (2011). Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. New York: SAGE. Price, B. (2007).1910 Bellevue Mine Explosion. Bellevue Underground Mine Tour. Web. This essay on Bellevue Mine Explosion, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, December 9, 1910 was written and submitted by user Ximena Lowe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.